Extracurricular activities Essay

People may say that extracurricular activities are a waste of time for everyone but that’s not the case, since extracurricular activities help with getting fit, working on focus, and management. I think it’s in everyone’s best interest to let students do extracurricular activities since it will help their students tremendously. Although sports or clubs might not be for everyone it doesn’t mean it shouldn’t be there because it could be beneficial for others. One of the main struggles with not just students but people in general is fitness. Practice is; key if you ever want to get better at sports and it’s the same with school. For students practice gets them in a stronger and fit condition. Without practice you can’t be your best and get fit. Sports also include lifting weights, since sports want students to get as fit as possible and set up lifting days. Coaches are some of the most enthusiastic people. Coaches not only encourage train ing and working hard but they will also help without hesitation if you are struggling and need help. Every student has at least a little problem with focus. Focus is gained with hard work and practice, which is easy to obtain in sports because it is used so frequently. If you don’t focus in sports you will miss the catch or a play. Sports have so many plays and techniques that without focus you will ever learn them. Focus is in sports just like it is in school. Students are more likely to learn focus in something fun like sports than something more boring like school. Sports also teach students to focus on the details which are important in things like tests and projects. One of the other problems with kids these days is they can’t manage their lives. Many students can’t manage their time properly but with clubs and sports they can learn to set times to do homework, study, and etc. students also have to manage their time so they can make it to practice and club meetings. Students also have a rough time managing homework. Without the discipline of sports or some clubs, students will just slack off. Clubs also teach students school before all else, plus without good grades you will be kicked off the team. Most students have short attention spans and bad work ethics since students have an attention span of around 8 seconds. Sports teams and clubs want you to stay on the team so they are willing to help.

Marie Curie: Radioactivity and X rays Essay

Marie Curie was born Marie Sklodowska on November 7th, 1867. She was born in Warsaw, Poland (â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography† par 1). Curie received her education from local schools; but her knowledge of science from her father. She obtained â€Å"Licentiateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences† from Sorbonne University, in Paris (â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography† par 1). Curie also received her Doctor of Science degree at Sorbonne as well. Marie Curie married Professor Pierre Curie after meeting him during university. The two wed within the year that they met. (â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography† par 1). Marie Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre Curie, and with past discoveries of Antoine Becquerel, discovered radioactivity, which explained the creation of the x ray. It first started off with Antoine Becquerel, a French physicist. â€Å"Becquerel was familiar with the work of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen,† which were the photographs that Roentgen had taken (Peters and Slowiczek par 3). These photographs were unique in their kind. One of the photographs that were taken was one of his wife’s hands, complete with her ring. This photo showed the skeletal structure of her hand, and the ring that was placed on top (Peters and Slowiczek par 4). Roentgen’s wife placed her hand in the path of x rays, which Roentgen created himself. He created x rays â€Å"by beaming an electron ray energy source onto a cathode tube.† (Peters and Slowiczek par 4). These â€Å"photographs† intrigued Becquerel, inducing him to research the phenomena of florescence and phosphorescence. In March of 1896, he discovered that florescence and phosphorescence were similar to each other; as well as to x rays, but there is also an important difference. The difference between the three was florescence and x rays stopped, when the starting energy force was halted; but the phosphorescence continued (Peters and Slowiczek par 5). A similarity between the three was the energy was initially derived from an outside source (Peters and Slowiczek par 5). Becquerel tried to harness the sun’s energy; making it the initial source of energy for the different rays, but that was not possible. Source: National Health Museum He put his wrapped photographic plates away in a darkened drawer, along with some crystals containing uranium. Much to his Becquerel’s surprise, the plates were exposed during storage by invisible emanations from the uranium. The emanations did not require the presence of an initiating energy source–the crystals emitted rays on their own! Although Becquerel did not pursue his discovery of radioactivity, others did and, in so doing, changed the face of both modern medicine and modern science. (Peters and Slowiczek par 6). Following up on Becquerel’s research; the Curies, Marie and Pierre, begun a life commitment to radioactivity research. Marie Curie stated that â€Å"The subject seemed to us very attractive and all the more so because the question was entirely new and nothing yet had been written upon it.† when it came to radioactivity (Peters and Slowickez par 7). The Curies used Becquerel’s note on how air could be a conductor of electricity because of uranium, as well as using sensitive instruments created by Pierre and his brother. On February 17, 1898, an ore of uranium, pitchblende, was tested by the Curies. Time and time again, the result was that the pitchblende created a current 300 times stronger than pure uranium. The Curies thus came up with the conclusion that an active unknown substance, as well as the uranium, still exists in the pitchblende (Peters and Slowickez par 8). The â€Å"hypothesized† element was named polonium, in honour of Curie’s native land, Poland; they labelled this element â€Å"radio-active,† as well as introducing this term. The Curies were able to extort enough polonium and radium, which is another radioactive element, establishing the chemical elements of both. Marie Curie worked alongside Pierre, â€Å"to establish the first quantitative standards by which the rate of radioactive emission of charged particles from elements could be measured and compared† even after her husband died (Peters and Slowickez par 9). Curie also managed to discover that there was a decrease in the radioactivity, and it could be predicted, since can be calculated; as well as the realization of which radiation is atomic property of matter, rather than a separate independent emanation (Peters and Slowickez par 9). The scientific discovery of x rays and radioactivity addressed global issues. The global issue that mainly x rays addressed is health care. X rays affected, and still effects health care because of what it was designed to do. This helps doctors determine many things, such as broken bones, tooth decay, and anything relating to the bone structure of someone, or animal. Radioactivity helped humans in a couple of ways as well. There are a couple of uses for radioactivity today. One of the uses is to create nuclear energy, which in the end is used to create electricity. Another use for radioactive materials is radiation. Radiation is used to treat cancer patients; in hope of killing the source of cancerous cells, and removing the cancer from someone’s body. The discovery of x rays and radioactivity did indeed help solve a problem; and benefited the global community. One problem that radioactivity solved was an energy issue. Radioactivity provided scientists with a new method of energy that was more environmentally friendly than combusting petroleum. This method is nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants harness the energy that is released from a type of uranium or U-235 (â€Å"EIA Energy Kids – Uranium (nuclear).† par 5). X rays have benefited mankind in the world of medicine, as well as safety. X rays are now available in hospitals. X rays can check for broken bones, fractures, tooth decay, and other bone related issues. X rays are not only used in hospitals. Airports around the world use x rays to check baggage over; making sure that there are no dangerous weapons stored in luggage; or any illegal drugs; etc. (Eaton par 3). Source: Fast Company For every invention or discovery, there are advantages and limitations. The advantages of x rays and radioactivity are numerous. X rays can detect bone damage, artery damage and supply airports with safety measures. Radioactivity is used to harness the energy of U-235 to create nuclear power for a source of electricity, as well as radiation treatments. The limitations of x rays and radioactivity include raise the risk of cancer infecting the body, damaging the cells, causing cell mutations, birth defects, among other things as well (â€Å"Pros and Cons of X-rays† par 2). Scientists’ contributions have improved some aspects of society. One aspect of society would be politically. X rays are now being used in airports to check baggage for any weaponry; or anything that could be made into an explosive. All of these measures are being taken due to the terrorist bombing of September 11, 2001. Security measures have tightened up since then, and are becoming stricter ever since, since there are increasing amounts of terrorist threats to hijack planes, or bomb planes (Eaton par 7). Another contribution that is effected is social aspects. X rays and radioactivity affect people’s health in numerous ways. They can either help damage a person’s health, or help correct. Radioactivity can cause mutations, birth defects, and many other problem, while an x ray can help correct a broken bone, or decaying tooth by showing the area of damage, so doctors can take proper procedures. Works Cited Eaton, Kit. â€Å"Full-Body Scanners at Airports: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly | Fast Company.† FastCompany.com – Where Ideas and People Meet | Fast Company. Fast Company, 30 Dec. 2009. Web. 17 May 2010. . â€Å"EIA Energy Kids – Uranium (nuclear).† Energy Information Administration – EIA – Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government. Energy Information Administration. Web. 16 May 2010. . â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography.† Nobelprize.org. Nobel Prize. Web. 14 May 2010. . Peters, Pamela M., and Fran Slowiczek. â€Å"The Discovery Of Radioactivity: The Dawn of the Nuclear Age.† Access Excellence @ the National Health Museum. National Health Museum. Web. 15 May 2010. . â€Å"Pros and Cons of X-rays.† The Brunei Times. 4 Dec. 2007. Web. 17 May 2010. .

Coffee and Mission

Hello Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Of Nokia Essays and Term Papers Search Results for ‘analysis of mission and vision statement of nokia' Displaying 1 – 30 of 1,500 * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Toyota Indus Motor Company Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement TOYOTA INDUS MOTOR COMPANY LTD. VISION STATEMENT: To be the most respected and successful enterprise, delighting†¦ * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous society and clean world.ANALYSIS: The vision statement of Toyota Indus Motors Company Ltd is clear and powerfully†¦ * Starbucks Coffee Mission And Vision Statement: concise, and direct for the target audience. Starbucks combine Mission and Vision statement can be broken down into six key elements which are the followings: Coffee†¦ * Mission And Vision Statement seems a bit unnecessary. KHULNA SHIPYARD LIMITED (KSY) Mission and vision statement of this organization have be en written tactfully and they are praise worthy†¦ Mission And Vision Statement exact, measurable, and time-sensitive goals to guide my development; however, the mission and the vision statement offer a solid foundation for building these goals†¦ * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Of Nokia complex and challenging environment. Nokias mission/vision statement analysis In analysing Nokias mission/vision statement Ill be using the 9 essential * * published this * no reads * no comments * Saved * Mission And Vision Analysis Of Pso And Coca Cola rder to meet the needs and satisfy the customers. Vision Analysis Conclusion: Overall, Coca-Colas mission and vision statement defines its goals, policies†¦ * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Of Nokia B: SAMPLE RESUME PERSONAL DETAILS * * published this * no reads * no comments * Add to your reading list * Tcs Mission And Vision Analysis Leading change, Learning and Sharing etc are getting reflected in its mission and vision statement. The core value excellence is getting clearly reflected in the * * published this no reads * no comments * Add to your reading list * Mission & Vision Statements theyve got their mission and vision confused. One is definitely not the other and both are mixed up in this statement. † Today, our mission is to connect people * * published this * no reads * no comments * Add to your reading list * Starbucks Vision And Mission Statement obtain the organizations desired end state. Within the organizations mission and vision statements Starbucks Corporation states that listening to its customer needs

Credit crunch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Credit crunch - Essay Example At this point, credit rationing takes place. In most times, a credit crunch is followed by a shift to quality by the lenders and owners of capital as they look out for investments which are less risky normally at the expense of the medium and small sized enterprises (Hull 2). The credit crunch has had an influence on small and medium sized business in various adverse ways. Despite its significant and largely powerful impact, the credit crunch might not be the sole reason for the inadequate success of some selected small and medium sized business enterprises. The growth of the credit crisis will also be taken into consideration as it is crucial in evaluating the way and the manner in which it has influenced the small and medium sized businesses in the dimension it has. As the credit crunch is a very much late feature in the current economy, its growth is frequently varying. Nevertheless, its growth since its inception in the global perspective has been put into consideration. The world economic crunch which started in 2007 was perhaps the most phenomenon shock to ever affect the economy of the United Kingdom to be ever remembered. Ever since the onset of this predicament, so much has taken place that might initially have been assumed to be impossible: The implicit nationalization of two of the largest banks in UK, a state deficit which came in double digits, a depressing grading on the AAA credit rating of the UK, a decline in Bank of England’s base rate which went down to 150 basic points lower than its previous all time low and a programme quantitative easing of  £ 200,000 (Heine 27). These phenomenon occurrences have called for essential reforms of the conventional evaluation of the UK economy. As it is a contemporary feature in the current economy it is frequently growing and thus regularly having an impact on all forms of business including small and medium sized enterprises. Small

Surplus value on Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Surplus value on Karl Marx - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss Karl max’s definition of surplus value and how he attempted to solve the puzzle of surplus value. The paper will further discuss why Marx believed that his solution to the puzzle gave him insight into some of the general dynamics of capitalism. The Surplus Value Karl Marx argued that capitalists manage to use laborers to produce the value of a commodity but the laborers get a portion of that value. The portion of the value that gets left with capitalists is the surplus value according to Marx (Foley 100). Marx sought to establish the secret used by capitalists to convince laborers to provide their labor at a relatively lower wage than the value they create with their labor. Max got puzzled by how these capitalists manage to do so more so in a political capitalist system. These political systems seemed to champion for equal legal and civil rights to workers and capitalists. In one of his analysis to establish the source of surplus value, Marx establi shes that the cost of goods sold is the money used by a capitalist to buy commodities to start production. He further establishes sales revenue as the larger sum of money that the capitalist ends up with while the gross profit is the surplus value (Foley 100). This was according to Marx, the source of surplus value. ... When buyers pay more for a commodity than the value of the labor used to produced it, that value can be passed to the buyer, but the seller’s gain becomes the buyer’s loss. Although some economists argue that surplus value is the reward awarded to capitalists for their contribution to production, Marx argues that the magnitude of this reward is too significant to be justified. This enabled Karl Marx to address the exploitation imposed on laborers by the capitalists. Marx’s solution to the puzzle of surplus value gave him an insight into other dynamics of capitalism. One such dynamic is the exploitation capitalism imposes on the laborers. Capitalism entails that the surplus value consistently increases with time (Foley 138). In order to increase surplus value, the capitalists would be required to engage laborers more in their work. Capitalists continue to live a lavish life due to the increasing surplus value. The living standards of the laborers, on the other han d, either stagnate or decline. This, according to Marx, would create a society with a wide range between the capitalists and the laborers. The laborers would be confronted with an ever rising power of production and their diminishing control on the fruits of this production (Foley 100). This could lead consequently to laborers protesting for an increase in their wage. When the capitalists get to increase the wages of the laborers, they increase the price of the goods they produce so as to ‘cover’ for the extra wages given to laborers. Marx saw this is a circular flow which in its very essence would still exploit the laborers. Marx, however, fails to address the vital role played by the surplus value in the growth and development of a society. Capitalists use this value to reinvest in their

President Obama's Innauguration Address Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

President Obama's Innauguration Address - Essay Example He in fact stipulates that they must â€Å"collectively seize this time together†. 3. In this context, the value that the president suggests here is rational utterances. He is obviously against careless utterances such as in name calling. He sees this sort of utterance as absurd and contrary to what the nation need to grow. Nevertheless, he is not against the freedom of speech that every American is entitled to, but he simply wants people to avoid recklessness. 4. The president appears to stay ahead political aspect in this speech. This is predominantly due to the reality that his speech is all about the principles that the American should live with for every day and not just the four years he is supposed to be in office. For instance, he is against name calling and absolutism. 5. The president here indicates that he has been assigned some responsibilities by God and the country. As such, the strategy he involved here is that of convincing the other citizens that they also have a duty to fulfill just like the president. Los Angeles Times. Inauguration 2013: President Obama’s second inauguration speech. 2013. Web

The effects of the US 1965 Immigration Act Introduction and Annotated Essay

The effects of the US 1965 Immigration Act Introduction and Annotated bibliography - Essay Example To accomplish this it restricted immigration on the basis of how many existing proportions of the population there already were. The 1965 Act, however, set an annual limit to no more than twenty thousand from each country, regardless of how many peoples from that country already occupied the United States. By 1968 the annual limitation to any country from the Western Hemisphere was set to one hundred and twenty thousand immigrants, and visas were given on a first come-first serve basis. The equalization of immigration policies resulted in a shift in immigration from European-Asian immigrants, to Central-South American immigrants. Immigration also doubled from 1965-1970 and then again from 1970-1990. This flux of immigrants not only changed the ethnic makeup of the United States, but with the introduction of so many to the U.S workforce it also shifted the male earnings inequalities. This prompted congress to pass the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) and the 1990 Immigra tion Act, in an attempt to stabilize the influx and the economy.

How does stigma and discrimation hinder recovery of patients with Essay

How does stigma and discrimation hinder recovery of patients with schizophrenia - Essay Example Research Method: Qualitative research will be done on this study and a thematic approach will be used as the study seeks to examine, investigate, locate and record patterns. A survey will be conducted. Sample: Non probability sampling method. A total of 60 sample units will be used, 40 being schizophrenic patients and 20 nurses or family members. Data collection: Interviews and focus groups will be used as tool of data collection. Data analysis: Data analysis will be conducted through SPSS software and the Burnard model of coding, which provides a model for data organisation. Findings and Result: Stigma and discrimination were observed to affect the schizophrenic patients through hindering recovery and even exacerbating the illness. Conclusion: Without the stigma and discrimination, schizophrenic people would recover fast and easily thus contributing to the society. The stigma and discrimination that follows a person after being diagnosed with schizophrenia is usually what leads them to an early grave. Schizophrenic patients have been misunderstood by many people for a long time How does Stigma and Discrimination hinder Recovery of Patients with Schizophrenia? Introduction Many individuals with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia have confirmed that the stigma they face from other people usually leads to more pain than the disease itself. Stigma reduces the patient’s self-esteem and denies them many social opportunities stigma. Stigma can be explained as the negative attitudes that people have towards others while discrimination is explained as unfair treatment of people due to their social grouping (Parle, 2012:2). Schizophrenia refers to a mental condition that extends over a long period of time, and causes numerous distinct psychological symptoms such as, hallucinations, delusions, and unusual behaviours (Sachdev and Keshavan, 2010:4). It is a psychotic condition where patients are incapable of discerning reality from their own thoughts and imagina tion (Chan and Sireling, 2010:107). The people suffering from this condition are pre-judged, therefore, finding it hard to maintain and sustain relationships, friendships and employment. Stereotype portrayed by the media have been blamed for the fear and ignorance about schizophrenic people (Bos, 2009:510). Background I came across a report at the beginning of the year, which suggested that out of every six workers in the United Kingdom, one usually suffers from a mental illness at a certain time in their career (Bevan, et al. 2013:5). With the country experiencing tough economic times recently, there was an upsurge in the number of working age people suffering from a variety of mental illnesses. A lot of attention was put on anxiety and depression but the health care sector seemed to forget about some extremely intense mental conditions like schizophrenia. It dawned on me that proper attention should be paid on schizophrenic patients and I decided to look at ways that a patient cou ld recover from such an illness. That was when I got the idea of investigating stigma and its effect on the recovery of schizophrenic patients came into mind. Research question formulation An excellent research question has to be accurate and precise. The research question formulated in this study is:In what ways does stigma and discrimination hind

Challenges of protecting the environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Challenges of protecting the environment - Essay Example This is because, the protection of the environment must come at the expense of normal way of life, considering that the normal way of life for the people, other than the environmentalists, is defined by going about their business, with little regard to how their activities will impact on their environment. Therefore, for example, a farmer goes about his normal business of farming and breeding animals with the aim of ensuring the high productivity of his crops and animals. In this respect, the farmer must use a variety of pesticides and insecticides to protect the crops and animals against the adverse effects of diseases and pests that damages crops and causes illnesses to the animals, eventually lowering productivity. While doing this, the farmer is less conscious of the effects the pesticides and the insecticides are going to have on the environment, until the adverse effects starts appearing inform of the hens brooding but producing no chicks, the inability to raise any pigs because the â€Å"young ones survived only a few days†, as well as lack of pollination and fruits, coupled with â€Å"browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire â€Å"(29). Further, lack of understanding and insight in regards to who is the true owner of the environment and its space is another major challenge to the protection of the environment. Before human enlightenment, the land and other natural resources belonged to the plants and animals, and man only occupied a small space of the entire environment, with plants and animals occupying the rest of the space. However, after the human enlightenment, â€Å"we put houses here and barns there. And then we went nuts, building garden condos with pools and office complexes with parking garages† (Quindlen, 34). The fact that humans have refused to understand it is the plants and animals that rightfully own the whole space, while humans are just meant to occupy a fraction of it as it was in the

Open Border Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Open Border - Essay Example The easiest answer to why the border wall is a poor idea is this: It lacks a showing of good will on the part of the United States. The border wall is a separatist action that screams, "We have more than you. We know it, and want to make sure you don't have any of it". That not the message that many students on the campus of the University of Texas at Brownville and Texas Southmost College (UTB-TSC) think should be sent. In April 2007, students at UTB-TSC built their own wall. It's a "fence in support of unfenced borders," (Sieff, 2008) Kevin Sieff writes. Sieff quotes student Abraham Ruiz as saying, "So much is going to be separated or destroyed." That is true, and Sieff isn't the only one who believes it. K. Mangan writes, "A fence would send the wrong message" (Mangan, 2007). He adds that the United States government ought to "pursue an alternative to a border fence" (Mangan, 2007). While that statement, too, is correct, promoting good will is only one smart part of why the wall s hould never come to be. Another salient point is the fact that permission to build the wall has "enhanced Department of Homeland Security powers to suspend more than 30 laws" (Mclemore, 2008). Congress understands that this is happening, but using the excuse that the good of the wall will certainly outweigh the bad. The problem with this is that we are talking about 30 laws, not one or two. Obviously, those 30 laws are in place for a reason. Building a fence, that we have no idea will even accomplish the goals the government claims it will, is not a good enough reason to ignore 30 laws. How does the government, even local or state, expect citizens to follow all the rules of society when it, at will, ignores 30 of them This is an example of a democracy that is not democratic. If the American government really felt this wall was in the best interest of the people, why not put it on the next ballot The reason is this: We are not being asked if we think this is a good idea. We are being told that it is. Congre ss has taken the power away from the people. This precedent cannot possible bode well for law abiding, tax paying citizens. What of historical preservations The United States is supposed to be a country that delights in its history. We deem certain building historical landmarks so that we can enjoy them with our children. Then, our children can enjoy them with theirs. Why should that stop to erect a wall or fence UTB-TSC professor Tony Knopp states, "There are strong historic forts along the border that would be affected by the fence. To put up a wall would just destroy the historical ambience" (Sieff, 2008). Historical preservation is important everywhere, even places that border Mexico. It is ludicrous to think that ruining historical landmarks is a good idea - ever. Just as important as preserving history, is the preservation of efforts to leave the environment clean and healthy for people, as well as animals. Congress is actually considering waiving the Safe Drinking Water and Clean Air acts. For the acts to need waiving, means that the building of the wall is a threat the clean drinking water, and air pollution. There is no reason for any entity to threaten drinking water and

Fraud- Satyam Computers Limited, India Research Paper - 1

Fraud- Satyam Computers Limited, India - Research Paper Example From being the fourth largest IT Company, with high profile, the outsourcing company has been embroiled for having the biggest scam in history. Formed in 1987 by Ramalinga Raju, the company grew and become a ‘rising star’ in Indian ‘outsourced’ computer service industry. With the rising importance of IT in the market, the company realized an estimated compound growth rate of 6.4% by 2007. The company attracted a lot of investors and it grew significantly. Raju, the managing director, attracted up to 300 customers worldwide and 13, 120 technical associates. A year later, the company had shown a compound growth rate of 35% and earnings per share rose from $0.12 to $0.622. On the other hand, Satyam’s stock tripled to 300%. The company further generated a significant growth as well as increased shareholder value. In 2009, Raju, through a letter to the company, disclosed that he had been manipulating the accounting numbers of the company for several years. He further claimed that he had overstated the assets on the company’s balance sheet by $1.47 billion and to make the matters worse, almost $1.04 billion cash and bank loans claimed by the company was not-existent3. The company had underreported all the liabilities on the balance sheet and overestimated the income for several years so as to meet the expectation of the analyst. For instance, the results showed 97% profits and 75% revenue increase. The director and the firm’s global head of the internal audit used various schemes to perpetuate the fraud. Raju used his personal computer to develop several bank statements and falsified the accounts so as to inflate the non-existent balance sheets. In fact, he inflated income statements by making interest claims using fake bank accounts. As the scam revealed further, it was evident that Raju had created over 6000 counterfeit salary accounts and directed the money there anytime the company make deposits.  

We real cool Essay Example for Free

We real cool Essay In analyzing the prosody used by Gwendolyn Brooks in her poem We Real Cool, it is first useful to analyze the meaning of the poem. The poem tells about the story of the life of many people who are attracted by the fun and the vices of life. These people do things health professionals advise against such as staying up late, drinking and spending much time for night life. However, life is not forever, and all these vices make the end of life nearer. The rhythm of the poem is uniform and regular all throughout. Except for the first line where there is need to add an additional syllable to complete the sentence and set the pattern of the succeeding lines and the last line, all others follow dactylic monometer as a metrical pattern. Basically, there are only four stanzas, and each stanza has four lines. Each line, except for the first and last, has three monosyllabic words, and every stanza ends with a pair of rhyming words. This pattern is too simple and too short that it sounds monotonous. While other poets may use many devices to avoid sounding monotonous, Brooks took advantage of this monotony to emphasize her message. Going back to the message of her poem, too many vices lead to an early death. The monotony and simplicity of the meter used is transmitted to the message of the poem and make the reader understand that the cause and effect relationship between vices and death is a simple fact of life. It is not a complex series affected by many factors. The monotony and abruptness of each line added a certain note of boredom, which tells the readers that the said cause and effect relationship between abuse of ones body and death at an earlier age is something that is not subject to an exciting debate, because most people will agree that it is true. This type of rhythm and meter would not have worked had the poem been long. This is because the element of boredom will cease to be a tool for effectiveness and will rather cause the readers to loose interest in the poem. Considered with the very simple meter, the very short length of the poem adds to the message. Like the poem, the path from vice to death is short and straightforward. There are no detours, right and left.

The Fields Of Construction And Engineering Construction Essay

The Fields Of Construction And Engineering Construction Essay In the fields of  civil engineering,  construction  is a process that consists of the  building   or assembling of infrastructure. Normally, the job is managed by a  project manager, and supervised by a  construction manager,  design engineer and construction engineer. For the successful  execution  of a  project, effective  planning  is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the  environmental impacts  of the job, the successful  scheduling, budgeting,  construction site safety, availability of building materials and inconvenience to the public caused by  construction delays. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS UNDERGOING Two types of projects are activated inside campus:- 1. Building construction, 2. Maintenance of roads. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Several buildings are under construction inside campus to be used as central library, staff residences, educational buildings for B.D.S. and M.B.B.S., shopping mall, boys hostel no.5,hospital, extrusion of built buildings, passage between hostels, footpath repairing , repairing and maintenance, administration building. The contracts are undertaken by different companies in order to have the work done in the shortest possible time. Some of these companies are mentioned below. Building construction of two types:- 1. Framed structure construction, 2. Unframed structure construction. 1. Framed structure is an assembly of slabs, beams, columns and foundation connected to one another so that it behaves as one unit. It is a methodology, which enables the construction of tall buildings and building with stilts. Majority of urban structures and multistoried buildings are built as RCC framed structures. In an RCC framed structure, the load is transferred from a slab to the beams then to the columns and further to lower columns and finally to the foundation which in turn transfers it to the soil. The walls in such structures are constructed after the frame is ready and are not meant to carry any load.   As against this, in a load bearing structure, the loads are directly transferred to the soil through the walls, which are capable of carrying them. A well describing picture of a framed building inside lovely university is displayed on next page. FRAMED STRUCTURE 2.Unframed structures are those in which masonry is done with the help of mortar along with pillars and columns are also extruded.. VARIOUS OPERATIONS CONTINUING The foundation. It is the inferior or bottom part of a building that penetrates the terrain it is on, this carries the weight of the building and supports it. Type of foundations provided that I saw inside the university campus were:- #Spread footing foundations consists of strips or pads of concrete which transfer the loads from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock. Embedment of spread footings is controlled by several factors, including development of lateral capacity, penetration of soft near-surface layers, and penetration through near-surface layers likely to change volume due to frost heave or swell. These foundations are common in residential construction that includes a basement, and in many commercial structures. This type of foundation is provided below the buildings to be used as boys hostel no.5. #Mat-slab foundation are used to distribute heavy column and wall loads across the entire building area, to lower the contact pressure compared to conventional spread footings. Mat-slab foundations can be constructed near the ground surface, or at the bottom of basements. In high-rise buildings, mat-slab foundations can be several meters thick, with extensive reinforcing to ensure relatively uniform load transfer. This type of foundation is provided below the building to be used as central library and staff residence. The walls. The walls of a building   receive the weight of the different ceilings and floors and pass this weight over to the foundation. Masonry has done to construct walls in all buildings inside campus. Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, stone such as marble, granite, travertine, limestone; concrete block, glass block, stucco, and tile. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the overall masonry construction Brick masonry is undertaken inside campus. Solid brickwork is made of two or more layers of bricks with the units running horizontally called stretcher bricks bound together with bricks running transverse to the wall called header bricks. Each row of bricks is known as a course. The pattern of headers and stretchers employed gives rise to different bonds such as the common bond, the English bond, and the Flemish bond .Bonds can differ in strength and in insulating ability. Vertically staggered bonds tend to be somewhat stronger and less prone to major cracking than a non-staggered bond. A picture of brick masonry is given below. Concrete blocks masonry is also under process in some parts of LPU. Blocks of cinder concrete, ordinary concrete, or hollow tile are generically known as Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)s. They usually are much larger than ordinary bricks and so are much faster to lay for a wall of a given size. Furthermore, cinder and concrete blocks typically have much lower water absorption rates than brick. They often are used as the structural core for veneered brick masonry, or are used alone for the walls of factories, garages and other industrial style buildings where such appearance is acceptable or desirable. Such blocks often receive a stucco surface for decoration. Surface-bonding cement, which contains synthetic fibers for reinforcement, is sometimes used in this application and can impart extra strength to a block wall. Surface-bonding cement is often pre-colored and can be stained or painted thus resulting in a finished stucco-like surface. The primary structural advantage of concrete blocks in comparison to smaller clay-based bricks is that a CMU wall can be reinforced by filling the block voids with concrete with or without steel rebar. Generally, certain voids are designated for filling and reinforcement, particularly at corners, wall-ends, and openings while other voids are left empty. This increases wall strength and stability more economically than filling and reinforcing all voids. Typically, structures made of CMUs will have the top course of blocks in the walls filled with concrete and tied together with steel reinforcement to form a bond beam. Bond beams are often a requirement of modern building codes and controls. Another type of steel reinforcement, referred to as ladder-reinforcement, can also be embedded in horizontal mortar joints of concrete block walls. The introduction of steel reinforcement generally results in a CMU wall having much greater lateral and tensile strength than unreinforced walls. cmus can be manufactured to provide a variety of surface appearances. They can be colored during manufacturing or stained or painted after installation. They can be split as part of the manufacturing process, giving the blocks a rough face replicating the appearance of natural stone, such as brownstone. CMUs may also be scored, ribbed, sandblasted, polished, striated (raked or brushed), include decorative aggregates, be allowed to slump in a controlled fashion during curing, or include several of these techniques in their manufacture to provide a decorative appearance A COLUMN in structural engineering is a vertical structural member that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural element below. Other compression members are often termed as columns due to similar stress conditions. These are designed to and frequently used to support beams and arches on which upper part of walls or ceiling rests. A column might also a decorative member and but need not to support any load. Early columns were constructed of stone, some out of a single piece of stone, usually by turning on a lathe-like apparatus. Single-piece columns are among the heaviest stones used in architecture. Other stone columns are created out of multiple sections of stone, mortared or dry-fit together. In many classical sites, sectioned columns were carved with a center hole or depression so that they could be pegged together, using stone or metal pins. The design of most classical columns incorporates enchases (the inclusion of a slight outward curve in the sides) plus a reduction in diameter along the height of the column, so that the top is as little as 83% of the bottom diameter. This reduction mimics the parallax effects which the eye expects to see, and tends to make columns look taller and straighter than they are while enchases ads to that effect. Modern columns are constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick. They may then be clad in an architectural covering or left bare. There are many types of columns such as steel, concrete, wooden etc. but inside lovely professional university, columns preferred are made up of concrete. The high compressive strength of high-strength concrete is especially advantageous in compressed members such as columns, which can be made more slender and, consequently, make economic benefits possible. However, the behavior of high-strength concrete columns is not yet fully understood. This thesis deals with the behavior of reinforced normal and high-strength concrete columns under compressive loading. Numerical results from non-linear finite element analyses were compared with results from columns tested. In the present study, thirty reinforced short stub concrete columns and sixteen reinforced long slender concrete columns have been tested under axial compressive short-term loading to failure. In addition, two long slender columns were subjected to sustained compressive loading. The parameters varied in the study were the concrete strength, stirrup spacing, reinforcement strength, slenderness of the columns, and eccentricity of the axial load applied. The test results for the short stub columns show that the load capacity increased in proportion to the increased compressive cylinder strength. The short stub columns of high-strength concrete exhibited a sudden, explosive type of failure. When the concrete strength of the long slender columns was increased, the maximum load capacity became greater. Although closer stirrup spacing did not provide an increase in load bearing capacity, it did give the columns a more ductile behavior in the post-peak region. The most important parameters for obtaining a ductile behavior were the spacing of the stirrups and the reinforcement configuration. Furthermore, it was observed that the stirrups in the high-strength concrete columns did not necessarily yield at maximum load. Therefore, to estimate the strength correctly it is necessary to use the actual stirrup strain or to design the reinforcement configuration so that yielding is reached at maximum load. Tests showed that the structural behavio r of a reinforced high-strength concrete columns is favorable for sustained loading, i.e., the column exhibited less tendency to creep and could sustain the axial load without much increase of deformation for a longer period of time. The nonlinear finite element analyses show good agreement with the test results. The analyses have been performed with two types of elements, beam elements and three-dimensional solid elements; each type has its advantages. This study has shown that the non-linear finite element method, together with non-linear fracture mechanics, provides a useful tool for the detailed analysis of reinforced concrete structures and contributes to a better understanding of the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns subjected to axial loading. . 4.The beams. These consist of the horizontal elements that rest over the floor. The beams lean their weight over the pillars and are often times made out of concrete mix with reinforcement. A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment. Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e., loads due to an earthquake or wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls, or girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent structural compression members. In light frame construction the joists rest on the beam. Beams are characterized by their profile (the shape of their cross-section), their length, and their material. In contemporary construction, beams are typically made of steel, reinforced concrete, or wood. One of the most common types of steel beam is the I-beam or wide-flange beam (also known as a universal beam or, for stouter sections, a universal column). This is commonly used in steel-frame buildings and bridges. Other common beam profiles are the C-channel, the hollow structural section beam, the pipe, and the angle. Most beams in reinforced concrete buildings have rectangular cross sections, but the most efficient cross section for a simply supported beam is an I or H section. Because of the parallel axis theorem and the fact that most of the material is away from the neutral axis, the second moment of area of the beam increases, which in turn increases the stiffness. An I-beam is only the most efficient shape in one direction of bending: up and down looking at the profile as an I. If the beam is bent side to side, it functions as an H where it is less efficient. The most efficient shape for both directions in 2D is a box (a square shell) however the most efficient shape for bending in any direction is a cylindrical shell or tube. But, for unidirectional bending, the I or wide flange beam is superior. Efficiency means that for the same cross sectional area (volume of beam per length) subjected to the same loading conditions, the beam deflects less. Other shapes, like L (angles), C (channels) or tubes, are also used in construction when there are special requirements 5.Shuttering and scarf folding. It can be seen in most of the buildings. Shuttering is filling the concrete mix to construct pillars, beams, roof slabs etc. Scaffolding is done to provide a platform for workers. READY MIX CONCRETE .Ready-mix concrete is a type of concrete that is manufactured in a factory or batching plant, according to a set recipe, and then delivered to a work site, by truck mounted transit mixers . This results in a precise mixture, allowing specialty concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites. Ready-mix concrete is sometimes preferred over on-site concrete mixing because of the precision of the mixture and reduced work site confusion. However, using a pre-determined concrete mixture reduces flexibility, both in the supply chained in the actual components of the concrete. Ready Mixed Concrete, or RMC as it is popularly called, refers to concrete that is specifically manufactured for delivery to the customers construction site in a freshly mixed and plastic or unhardened state. Concrete itself is a mixture of Portland cement, water and aggregates comprising sand and gravel or crushed stone. In traditional work sites, each of these materials is procured separately and mixed in specified proportions at site to make concrete. Ready Mixed Concrete is bought and sold by volume usually expressed in cubic meters. Ready Mixed Concrete is manufactured under computer-controlled operations and transported and placed at site using sophisticated equipment and methods. RMC assures its customers numerous benefits. CONCRETE MIX PLANT AT L.P.U Advantages of Ready mix Concrete over Site mix Concrete A centralized concrete batching plant can serve a wide area. The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and yet the delivery trucks can service residential districts or inner cities. Better quality concrete is produced. Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site. Elimination of procurement / hiring of plant and machinery Wastage of basic materials is avoided. Labor associated with production of concrete is eliminated. Time required is greatly reduced. Noise and dust pollution at site is reduced. Reduce cost. Disadvantages of Ready-Mix Concrete The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing begins at that plant, so the traveling time from the plant to the site is critical over longer distances. Some sites are just too far away, though this is usually a commercial rather than technical issue. Generation of additional road traffic; furthermore, access roads, and site access have to be able to carry the weight of the truck and load. Concrete is approx. 2.5tonne per m ³. This problem can be overcome by utilizing so-called minimix companies, using smaller 4m ³ capacity mixers able to access more restricted sites. Concretes limited time span between mixing and going-off means that ready-mix should be placed within 90 minutes of batching at the plant. I am looking forward for your satisfaction towards this submission. WITH THANKS REFFERENCE: =Wikipedia =Er. Deepak kumar,J.E., G.S. TRADERS =Self visits on sites =Photography source self captured photos from different sites inside LPU

Components and functions of the complement system

Components and functions of the complement system The complement system found in the blood of mammals is composed of heat labile substances (proteins) that combine with antibodies or cell surfaces. This complex, multicomponent system is composed of about 26 proteins. The complement cascade is constitutive and non-specific but it must be activated in order to function. The functions of complement include: making bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis directly lysing some bacteria and foreign cells producing chemotactic substances increasing vascular permeability causing smooth muscle contraction promoting mast cell degranulation The complement system can be activated via two distinct pathways; the classical pathway and the alternate pathway. Once initiated, a cascade of events (the complement cascade) ensues, providing the functions listed above. Most of the complement components are numbered (e.g. C1, C2, C3, etc.) but some are simply referred to as Factors. Some of the components must be enzymatically cleaved to activate their function; others simply combine to form complexes that are active. The following table lists these components and their functions. Components of the Classical Pathway Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C1(q,r,s) C1q Binds to antibody that has bound antigen, activates C1r. C1r Cleaves C1s to activate protease function. C1s Cleaves C2 and C4. C2 C2a Unknown. C2b Active enzyme of classical pathway; cleaves C3 and C5. C3 C3a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin. C3b Binds C5 for cleavage by C2b. Binds cell surfaces for opsonization and activation of alternate pathway. C4 C4a Mediates inflammation. C4b Binds C2 for cleavage by C1s. Binds cell surfaces for opsonization. Components of the Alternate Pathway Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C3 C3a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin. C3b Binds cell surfaces for opsonization and activation of alternate pathway. Factor B B Binds membrane bound C3b. Cleaved by Factor D. Ba Unknown. Bb Cleaved form stabilized by P produces C3 convertase. Factor D D Cleaves Factor B when bound to C3b. Properdin P Binds and stabilizes membrane bound C3bBb. Components of the Membrane-Attack Complex Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C5 C5a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin, chemotaxin. C5b Initiates assembly of the membrane-attack complex (MAC). C6 C6 Binds C5b, forms acceptor for C7. C7 C7 Binds C5b6, inserts into membrane, forms acceptor for C8. C8 C8 Binds C5b67, initiates C9 polymerization. C9 C9n Polymerizes around C5b678 to form channel that causes cell lysis. ACTIVATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE Classical Pathway The classical pathway starts with C1; C1 binds to immunoglobulin Fc (primarily IgM and IgG); C1 is recognition complex composed of 22 polypeptide chains in 3 subunits; C1q, C1r, C1s. C1q is the actual recognition portion, a glycoprotein containing hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine that looks like a tulip flower. Upon binding via C1q, C1r is activated to become a protease that cleaves C1s to a form that activates (cleaves) both C2 and C4 to C2a/b and C4a/b. C2b and C4b combine to produce C3 convertase (C3 activating enzyme). C4a has anaphylactic activity (inflammatory response). C3 is central to both the classical and alternative pathways. In classical, C4b2b convertase cleaves C3 into C3a/b. C3a is a potent anaphylatoxin. C3b combines with C4b2b to form C4b2b3b complex that is a C5 convertase. C3b can also bind directly to cells making them susceptible to phagocytosis. C5 is converted by C5 convertase (i.e. C4b2b3b) to C5a/b. C5a has potent anaphylatoxic and chemotaxic activities. C5b functions as an anchor on the target cell surface to which the lytic membrane-attack complex (MAC) forms. MAC includes C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9. Once C9 polymerizes to form a hole in the cell wall, lysis ensues. Classical Pathway Component cleavage Enzymatic activity Component assembly Alternate Pathway The alternate pathway may be initiated by immunologic (e.g. IgA or IgE) or non-immunologic (e.g. LPS) means. The cascade begins with C3. A small amount of C3b is always found in circulation as a result of spontaneous cleavage of C3 but the concentrations are generally kept very low (see below). However, when C3b binds covalently to sugars on a cell surface, it can become protected. Then Factor B binds to C3b. In the presence of Factor D, bound Factor B is cleaved to Ba and Bb; Bb contains the active site for a C3 convertase. Next. properdin binds to C3bBb to stabilize the C3bBb convertase on cell surface leading to cleavage of C3. Finally, a C3bBb3b complex forms and this is a C5 convertase, cleaving C5 to C5a/b. Once formed, C5b initiates formation of the membrane attack complex as described above. Generally, only Gram-negative cells can be directly lysed by antibody plus complement; Gram-positive cells are mostly resistant. However, phagocytosis is greatly enhanced by C3b binding (phagocytes have C3b receptors on their surface) and antibody is not always required. In addition, complement can neutralize virus particles either by direct lysis or by preventing viral penetration of host cells. Alternate Pathway Component cleavage Enzymatic activity Component assembly REGULATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE Because both the classical and alternate pathways depend upon C3b, regulation of the complement cascade is mediated via 3 proteins that affect the levels and activities of this component. C1 Inhibitor inhibits the production of C3b by combining with and inactivating C1r and C1s. This prevents formation of the C3 convertase, C4b2b. Protein H inhibits the production of C3b by inhibiting the binding of Factor B to membrane-bound C3b, thereby preventing cleavage of B to Bb and production of the C3 convertase, C3bBb. Factor I inhibits the production of C3b by cleaving C3b into C3c and C3d, which are inactive. Factor I only works on cell membrane bound C3b, mostly on red blood cells (i.e. non-activator surfaces).

A Technophobic Confession :: Personal Narrative Computers Papers

A Technophobic Confession I am a technophobe. There, I admitted it. The Unabomber, George Orwell, my hardheaded grandfather and I are all members of the same fraternity. I am in the closet no longer. Just because I don't blow up buildings doesn't mean I'm not afraid of the unrelenting onslaught of technology. I went to high school in a small town in rural Illinois, and until the age of sixteen, I was able to survive without touching a computer. In fact, the only one I remember seeing on a regular basis was the one in the corner of the public library. Up until my junior year in high school, that computer was just about the loneliest thing in the world. Most of the people in town used a computer for one of two things: word processing or playing video games, and anybody who really had any desire to do either of these owned a computer or had access to one at work. The librarian's daughter used to set books on top of that computer when she was sorting them out to be reshelved. I always thought of the computer as just that, an overglorified bookrack. I laughed to see a tall, precariously balanced pile of books on top of the monitor, which was all but hidden by its dust cover body bag. I laughed because I am a technophobe, and to see it being used in this manner reassured me that computers were, quite obviously, a waste of time and money. Then the e-mail epidemic began cropping up in cities across the nation, and it spread quickly. Like all innovations, it eventually made its way to the Middle West. The outbreak in my hometown started where I least expected it: in that eternally slumbering computer sitting underneath the stack of book returns. It happened overnight. The computer was wired to the Internet. The small weekly local paper pushed the Knights of Columbus hall off the front page to run a story about the Information Superhighway. Clouds brooded on the horizon and little children tossed uneasily in their sleep. I was good friends with the librarian’s daughter. We went to the same high school. She was in my circle of friends. We were juniors. She was the first to get an email address.

Existentialism Essay -- Analysis, Jean-Paul Sartre

In his 1946 essay Existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre undertakes the task of defending existentialism against what he defines as â€Å"charges† (341) brought against it. Sartre begins to outline the â€Å"charges† brought against existentialism and further, existentialists. Following the medieval quaestio-form, Sartre begins with the statement of the objection, a short discussion, and then his reply to each. The first of the charges is that of quietism. â€Å"First, it has been charged with inviting people to remain in a kind of desperate quietism because, since no solutions are possible, we should have to consider action in this world as quite impossible† (341). Historically, quietism was a Christian philosophy that advocated withdrawal from worldly activities for passive and constant contemplation of God. The Roman Catholic Church officially decreed quietism to be heresy. The Christians then raise the objection that existentialism focuses on the hopelessness of the human situation and as a result, the philosophy leaves little ambition for action. The next of these objections is that of â€Å"†¦dwelling on human degradation, with pointing up everywhere the sordid, shady, and slimy, and neglecting the gracious and beautiful, the bright side of human nature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (341) As Sartre explains, the objection is essentially that existentialisms focuses on the â€Å"evil† or dreary side of life. The third charge made against existentialism is that of isolation. â€Å"(FINISH QUOTE)†¦having ignored human solidarity, with considering man as an isolated being.† (341) The objection is that existentialism ignores human solidarity and examines human beings as individuals. The fourth and final charge laid against existentialism is that of arbitrariness. â€Å"†¦we are charged w... ...o pass judgment on others, because there’s no reason to prefer one configuration to another’† (360). â€Å"†¦one can still pass judgment, for, as I have said, one makes a choice in relationship to others. First, one can judge (and this is perhaps not a judgment of value, but logical judgment) that certain choices are based on error and others on truth† (362). The final â€Å"sub charge† is that â€Å"‘everything is arbitrary in this choosing of yours. You take something from one pocket and pretend you’re putting it into the other.’† (360) Sartre explains, â€Å"†¦if I’ve discarded God the Father, there has to be someone to invent values,† (365) and that â€Å"†¦to say that we invent values means nothing else but this: life has no meaning a priori. Before you come alive, life is nothing; it’s up to you to give it a meaning and value is nothing else but the meaning that you choose† (365).

Destination Marketing Report Essay

When selling a destination image is everything. A destination is all about image. If people can crack the motivation for a place as a destination they would make fortune. This answer will firstly discuss the image of what exactly a destination is. Perceived images such as those seen on a picture perfect postcard can generate money. Both urban and rural tourism try to recreate this and sell the destination as a product. This will be analysed secondly. Middleton (2001) defines a destination as the focus for a range of activities and a range of facilities required to support those activities. In other words the facilities in an area that act as pull factors to the tourist to attract them into the area. There are five main components to what destination is. The five components Middleton refers to are attractions and environment, destination facilities and services, accessibility of the destination and the price of the destination. Any person who comes into the destination whether it is for a day visit or overnight stay can be impacted by any of these components. Gibson and Neilson (2000) refer to assessing price based on the functional, quality, operational, financial and personal benefits. If a place is a certain price the tourist may view the destination as high status. The components that make up a destination can also act as the motivators for the destination. Natural attractions such as the sea and mountains which make up a destination can act as a physical motivator for the destination. The facilities and services which make up a destination can sell the destination as a cultural experience such as the restaurants and bars. Middleton (2001) refers that it is important to note that a destination is  not totally restricted to travel for leisure or pleasure. Other reasons include interpersonal reasons such as to be with friends and family or to escape, business reasons, conferences or union meetings and spiritual reasons. It can be noted that due to globalisation, distance is shorted and the world has shrunk therefore many destinations will all have the same assets and components this has led to the development of destinations as products. A destination as a product is trying to structure the tourist gaze otherwise the tourist may look the other way. Selling a destination as a product requires strong marketing strategies to be in place. However Middleton (2001) contradicts this statement when he suggests that not all visits to a destination are influenced by marketing activities. An example is people travelling by car privately to meet family and friends. Selling a destination as a product can give a place a competitive advantage. To do this Javalgi, Thomas & Rao (1992) suggest that it is important to market a destination based on how people will perceive the destination. As Pike (2005) refers to a place name by itself is not sufficient to sell a product as a destination. As a product a destination must try to appeal to everyone. There are many good ways a destination can be sold as a product. It can use the destinations assets the Physical motivators, cultural motivators, interpersonal reasons, business reasons, status and spiritual reasons. It can use symbols, infrastructure, growth and enterprise to market or the cultural cachet of throwing everything at the tourist. A destination as a product is multi dimensional. Middleton refers to a destination as not just one product but being based on three levels the core product, the tangible product and the augmented product. The view of the destination as one of these products will be relevant when establishing which way to market the product. This answer examined the notion of a destination as a product. It concluded that five elements make up a destination. A destination as a product must aim to be innovative, creative, proactive and competitive. It noted as a product it must try to appeal to as many people as possible and give the destination a competitive advantage. Part B Limerick city has many merits in terms of destination marketing. The area has a major asset with the river Shannon. The bridges in the city act as an area for viewing this scenery. The city has many well known landmarks and history which we saw while on the walking tour such as King John’s castle, Kings Island and the Georgian house and garden. The city has many hotels which are high in quality. The tangible aspect of this is the design of the hotels and the intangible aspects include the quality of service they provide, their reputation and their image. Limerick provides a range of different brochures to promote themselves and each contain picture perfect photos. The majority of these are free to tourists. The tourist office is open all year round to provide these and provide tourists with information. The use of branding and slogans seem to have a positive effect or the region. The slogan the spirit of Shannon for the time of your life is effective for overseas visitor as it makes reference to the river Shannon which is well known world wide. Branding helps link identity overtime. Limerick has a number of cultural merits to the location. The Hunt museum helps understand how people lived years ago form the different art and antiquity located there. Locals can also benefit form the Hunt museum as it is very educational. A major merit to the area is Shannon airport. This provides tourists with accessibility to the destination easily. The city has successful  infrastructure in and out of it with roads, airport, railway and marina. Transport is plentiful in and out of the city itself with numerous buses and trains accessing it. Taxi’s are also readily available. There are also a number of demerits in terms of destination marketing in Limerick. The signage in the city is quite poor. The tourist may have difficulty finding attractions. There is only one major built attraction the hunt museum. This is the cities main attraction which would only appeal to a certain number of people. It has an emphasis on education and heritage. This appears to be a problem with Limerick that it is over dependant on history and folklore there is no real main social attraction. They could put more emphasis on other facilities such as sports school, craft course, cycle hire and language schools to market the destination. Heritage is becoming mire old stream it i s no longer the power player that it used to be to attract people to a destination. A major demerit with Limerick city is the mental pictures created of Limerick city as a rough destination. It is in the news on a regular basis due to anti social behaviour, gang land violence and gun crime. In neighbouring Nenagh I was told in the cafe â€Å" They’d shoot you in Limerick† This gives a representation of the way some people view Limerick. This host of little images can turn people away Perceived images of Limerick can build up a bad image of a place that you may never have been to.

Employment Law Legal Process Paper Essay

To handle a complaint of discrimination effectively, an employer should have a basic understanding of the process and procedures used by the EEOC to enforce the federal laws that prohibit employment discrimination. By knowing in advance what to expect, an employer can best prepare its defense. EEOC ProcessAny individual who believes that his or her employment rights have been violated may file a charge of discrimination with EEOC. Charges may be filed by mail or in person at their nearest EEOC office. Once an employee or applicant files a charge, the EEOC then serves notice on the employer, usually by mail, that a charge has been filed against them. This notice normally includes a copy of the actual charge filed by the employee or applicant. All laws enforced by EEOC, except the Equal Pay Act, require filing a charge with EEOC before a private lawsuit may be filed in court. There are strict time limits within which charges must be filed. A charge must be filed with EEOC within 180 days from the date of the alleged violation, in order to protect the charging party’s rights. This 180-day filing deadline is extended to 300 days if the charge also is covered by a state or local anti-discrimination law (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Employers must understand that the persons who evaluate and decide the outcome of employment discrimination cases (the EEOC investigator, federal or state judge, and/or jury) have keen senses of fairness and expect that employees will be treated in a fair manner. As a result, employers are exposed to substantial liability for any acts, including perceived acts, of discrimination in the workplace. Employers should take any charge of discrimination seriously and the employer must keep in mind that, at a minimum, it needs to have a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for taking the action in question. In addition, an employer’s response will be evaluated by persons who have a different perspective than the employer. What may appear to an employer, as a benign, routine employment action, can be perceived by a jury as the most pernicious, discriminatory deed. With this in mind, an employer should structure its response to show that its action was not only legal, but also fair (Bu reau of National Affairs, 2002). Resolving the Discrimination ChargeThe filing of the charge triggers an EEOC investigation into whether or not there is reasonable cause to believe that the employer did in fact illegally discriminate against an individual. An employer may be asked to submit a written statement of position to explain its version of events. At some point in the investigation, a fact-finding conference might be held (Bureau of National Affairs, 2002). Relatively informal, a fact-finding conference is attended by the charging party, respondent and necessary witnesses. No official record is made and witnesses are not placed under oath. Most employers bring counsel to the conference. After concluding its investigation, the EEOC makes a determination as to whether there is reasonable cause to believe that the alleged discrimination occurred. The investigation starts with a review of all documents in the employee’s personnel file, and should be expanded to include, among other things, a review of applicable company policies, at least one interview with potential witnesses, and a review of internal documents for any prior incidents similar to the action on which the complaint is based. The lack of effective anti-discrimination policies can be damaging to an employer’s case. On the other hand, a well-publicized, strictly enforced, non-discrimination policy can prove invaluable to an employer defending against a charge of discrimination. By reviewing its policies, an employer also may discover that the complaining employee did not follow proper company procedure in reporting the complaint. All of this information can be used by the employer in responding to the complaint. A reasonable cause determination indicates that â€Å"it is more likely than not† that illegal discrimination took place. A no reasonable cause determination means that the EEOC has not found sufficient evidence to support a finding of discrimination. While a â€Å"no cause† finding does not bar the complaining party from subsequently filing suit in state or federal court on the same claim, as a practical matter most employees do not pursue their claims after the EEOC issues a â€Å"no cause† finding. If the evidence establishes that discrimination has occurred, the employer  and the charging party will be informed of this in a letter of determination that explains the finding. EEOC will then attempt conciliation with the employer to develop a remedy for the discrimination (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). If the case is successfully conciliated, or if a case has earlier been successfully mediated or settled, neither EEOC nor the charging party may go to court unless the conciliation, mediation, or settlement agreement is not honored (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). If EEOC is unable to successfully conciliate the case, the agency will decide whether to bring suit in federal court. However, no statements made by any party during the conciliation process can be used in any subsequent lawsuit. If EEOC decides not to sue, it will issue a notice closing the case and giving the charging party 90 days in which to file a lawsuit on his or her own behalf (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). CONCLUSION Employees who believe that they have been discriminated against by an employer, an employment agency, or a labor union have the right to file a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Employer’s need to ensure that discriminatory practice or action, if it did occur, is stopped, and that it does not occur again. By properly handling the charge at its early stages, an employer can reduce significantly, or possibly eliminate the potential liability. The Bureau of National Affairs, 2002. Retrieved September 11, 2006, from http://www.bna.comU.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved September 11, 2006, from http://www.eeoc.gov

Conformity Case Essay

INTRODUCTION: Ever since the first experiment on conformity was conducted by Jenness in 1932, psychologists have tried to measure conformity under various situations. Historically, conformity has been measured in numerous ways, though the most widely used methods have been behavioural observations and self reports (Scher and Thompson, 2007). While Asch’s Experiment (1951) remains the most popular work on conformity, Zimbardo (1971) and Milgrams’ (1974) work are noteworthy. AIM AND HYPOTHESIS: We wanted to find out whether undergraduate students conform to social norms or not? Also, what are the likely reasons for their behaviour? For this, we created our own experiment. However, let us define conformity and other key variables first. Kalat (2008) defines conformity as changing one’s behaviour to match other people’s behaviour or expectations. It is the dependant variable (DV) in our experiment and we gave it an operational definition. We measured DV by the subject’s correct gender identification and subsequent action of walking through the door assigned for their respective gender. This is further elaborated under the Research Method section. The independent variable (IV) in our experiment was self-monitoring attitude. We chose IV as our group believed that it is primarily high self-monitoring people are more conscious about their social image and are thus more likely to conform in general than low-self monitoring people and vice versa. The operational definition for self monitoring attitude was the score on Self-Monitoring (SM) Scale created by Mark Synder in the early 1970’s. Frayer believes that the personality test measures how much an individual would change his behaviour to suit situational cues. It has 25 questions in total and has been attached in APPENDIX 1 for your reference. The results were interpreted as high, intermediate or low score depending on how many questions the subject got corr ect using the answer key provided by lckes and Barnes (1977) attached in APPENDIX 2 for your reference. Our goal was to examine therelationship between self-monitoring attitude (IV) and   conformity (DV). We expected a positive co-relation due to our group belief mentioned above. Besides, Scher and Thompson’s (2007) experiment, which was our inspiration, had found a significant positive correlation relationship between self-monitoring and behavioural conformity. Our target population was the undergraduate students at The University of Hong Kong (HKU). However, our sample consisted of only forty HKU students composing of twenty female and twenty male students. RESEARCH METHOD: Let us elaborate on how we went about conducting our experiment. Firstly, we chose to conduct the experiment at Chi Wah composite building since many undergraduate students go there to study. Secondly, we replicated Sarah Lisbene experiment on gender conformity. Lisbene had pasted gender signs on an entrance of a building to observe whether people would conform to the gender symbols on the doors. We duplicated her gender conformity situation at the main entrance on the first floor of Chi Wah as it has precisely two doors. We stuck gender symbols on each door at the eye level right besides the door handles ‒ a male only sign on right door and a female only sign on the left door. Then, we shut both the doors at the entrance. Anyone who wanted to enter the building from this entrance was bound to read the gender sign before opening the door and thus would have to make a decision to conform, observable by his/her action of walking through the appropriate gender-marked door. Thirdly, we used simple systematic sampling method to choose our subjects. Every 10th person was invited to participate in our experiment by filling in a two paged survey. The survey was actually the SM Scale mentioned in AIM AND HYPOTHESIS section. We calculated their scores on the SM Scale by their marked responses to measure the IV and its relationship with DV. Lastly, we tried to observe participants in their natural setting. To remain unnoticeable, we dressed up in casuals and stood far away from the entrance, trying to avoid giving any additional situational cues to the participants. We wanted to prevent any bias adversely affecting our study and carefully observed the behaviour of the subjects reading the signs, recording their decision of walking through either door and then approached them, requesting to fill in the survey. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: Though the response and the reactions from the subjects varied, a common trend in our experiment emerged. The participant would read the sign on the door when he/she approached to open the door and get confused. Then, he/she would take a step back and try to locate the other gender sign on the other door and finding one would relieve him/her and change their emotion. Then they would make a decision to walk through either door. The mean score on the SM scale was 12.1, an â€Å"Intermediate Sco re† as it falls in the band width of 9-14. It suggests that HKU undergraduates self-monitor themselves to a moderate degree on average and would be conscious of their social image. Our hypothesis would suggest that undergraduates are likely to conform to their respective gender roles. The statistics obtained from our sample were consistent with our expectations in general. In fact, 28 out of the 40 or 70% participants conformed to their respective gender role. We found a modest positive co-relation of .4049 between SM Scale and conformity. It suggests that self-monitoring attitude may lead to gender conformity. We observed two major group differences based on the data collected. The first group was divided on basis of gender while the second on their score on SM Scale. Firstly, the SM Score mean for females was slightly higher (12.2) than for men (12). The standard deviation for females (3.578) was lower compared to men (4.193) and the range for females was 4-21 and 3-18 for men. The data and statistics obtained are indicative of females conforming marginally more than males. Out of the 28 subjects that did conform, 16 or 57.1% were females and only 12 or 42.9% were males. Secondly, a score of 15-22 is high and 0-8 is low on the SM scale. Out of the 7 subjects who scored low on SM scale, only 3 or 42.9% conformed. Out of the 23 subjects who scored intermediate on SM scale, only 16 or 69.6% conformed and out of the 10 subjects who scored high on SM Scale, 9 or 90% conformed. This suggest that people who score high on the SM Scale are more likely to conform than people who score lower on the SM Scale. A third group difference, which is based on our observation of arrival of participant in a party or not can be suggested. In a group of two females and three males, a male pointed out the discrepancy at the entrance which surprised the whole group. They talked among themselves and even had a laugh, pointing at the symbols. Nonetheless, the group split up and members walked through respective doors and then rejoined once inside the building. This may suggests that people are more likely to conform if they arrive in a party consisting of both the genders. CONCLUSION From our data and observations in the experiment, we can make a few conclusions. Firstly, though HKU undergraduates are likely to conform to gender roles, females are more likely to do so. Secondly, there is a modest correlation between self-monitoring attitude and conformity, though we could not establish a direct causal relationship between the two variables. Thirdly, it seems that people who are scored higher on the SM Scale are more likely to conform to gender roles than those who scored lower on the SM Scale. Lastly, subjects are more likely to conform to gender roles when they arrive in a party consisting of both the genders. CRITICAL EVALUATION: Booker (2012) says that behavioural conformity is linked with youth happiness. Conforming behaviour enables us to create a strong social world and experience belongingness to a group, thereby facilitating social identification and security, leading to equilibrium of contentment. This suggests the importance of conforming in order to ac hieve happiness. Secondly, conforming behaviour is actually a â€Å"self-defining act† and people conform to keep their â€Å"state of peace† (Santee and Jackson, 1982). This too may explain why people conform in general. Furthermore, there is a difference in the view of conformity between both the genders ‒ men regard non-conforming behaviour as â€Å"self-image enhancing† while women regard conformity as â€Å"positive† and â€Å"self defining†. This helps explain why women are more likely than men to conform. Another plausible explanation for gender differences in conformity is given by Maslach, Santee and Wade (1987), who believe conformity is based on personality traits of men and women. Men are supposed to be â€Å"assertive† and â€Å"independent† while women are supposed to be â€Å"sensitive†. Recently, researchers from University of London (2011) have even found a mild genetic influence explaining gender conforming traits (31%) in women. According to Fraser, most people would like to maintain a positive public image and are perceptive to what people think about them. This may explain why high self-monitors who actively apply impression managem ent are more likely to conform than low self-monitors. The fear of distorting their public image or even dampening their social popularity would be a powerful incentive for high self monitors to conform. Lastly, individuals composing a group face a stronger effect of normative social influence than a collection of individuals who do not form a group (Deutsch and Gerard, 1954). This may explain why the conformity increases when subjects arrive in a party consisting of both genders. I would now like to talk about potential flaws in our experiment and some methods to improve our model. Firstly, conformity is not completely dependent on a single variable and we should have used a multi-variable regression model to estimate it instead. In our experiment, one of the omitted variables is lack of social pressure or incentive to conform. The subjects may not have sufficient incentive to walk through their gender assigned door as there was no reward or penalty in terms of social acceptance or rejection. Also, as many as 9 subjects reported that they did not notice any gender symbol and walked in using random door. None of them was suffering from any eyesight problem like colour blindness. Furthermore, Livingstone brings to light a potential confounding variable ‒ civility. Civility primarily depends on disposition of the subject, which in turn depends on parenting, school education and cultural background. We could have included all these variables in our model. Another potential flaw in experiment is not having a control group. Maybe the female lavatory near the left door favoured the female participants to walk through the left door, increasing their conforming number. Either a control group or interchanging the symbols on the doors after the first 20 subjects had filled in the survey would have removed this bias. To improve our model, we could have used better operational definitions too. The SM Scale is controversial and walking through a door marked by a sign may not be a relevant gender issue. Secondly, we could have used a larger budget and more time to improve our model. For instance, it took us four days to get permission to conduct the experiment at Chi Wah. If we had more time, we would have conducted the experiment in the Main Library and Medical Campus to get a representative sample. Increasing our sample size would have enabled us to detect micro trends and be more accurate. We could have offered subjects who refused to fill in the survey monetary compensation. Our study may have been subject to experimenter bias in spite our full effort to minimise the bias as we were expecting a positive correlation. Blinding was too expensive an option for us. PERSONAL REFLECTION: Though this experiment answered some questions, it has left me wondering about many more. If given the opportunity, I would like to conduct a few follow up experiments to seek some answers. Firstly, I would like to find out if there is any link between stress levels and gender conformity. This relationship arises from my observation that some subjects in our experiment who walked through the wrong door and also refused to fill in the survey seemed to be impatient and rude. Though there may be some other reasons behind their gender non-conformity behaviour and mood like being short on time, we cannot say for sure and will have to find out for ourselves. Also, I would like to find out if there is any threshold level for conformity? For instance, participants may refuse to conform by walking through a door in our experiment but they would probably conform while using a lavatory. If non-conformers conform if they know they would be severely rebuked for their actions, what precisely is that threshold level? The experiment also cleared my misconceptions of conducting experiments. I thought that it would be very easy to design and conduct an experiment. However, given our goal, there were so many ways of going about it that was very hard to select the best method given our resources and time constraint. Carrying out the experiment has its own fair share of struggles. I would also like to mention my experience with experimenter bias. While drafting the experiment, I was very confident that I could not be susceptible to experimenter bias. However, when we started the experiment, it was very hard not to hand out the survey to our friends and acquaintances who happened to come in through the doors but were not the 10th subject as per our systematic sampling rule. Finally, after having finished the experiment, I think it was painstakingly work involving a lot of planning and careful evaluation. Nonetheless, I had fun conducting the experiment. REFERENCES 1. Scher, N., & Thompson, T. (2007). Self-Monitoring and Conformity: A Comparison of Self-Report and Behavioral Measures. UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research X (2007) Retrieved December 1, 2012, from http://www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/PDF/2007/scher&thompson.pdf 2. Kalat, James W. (2008). Introduction to Psychology, Ninth (International) Edition. Wadsworth: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 3. Fraser, M. â€Å"Mhaire†. Self Monitoring Notes and Resources. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from De Anza College Website: http://faculty.deanza.edu/frasermary/stories/storyReader$157 4. Montclair SocioBlog. Livingston, J. (2009). Civility or Mindless Compliance? Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://montclairsoci.blogspot.hk/2009/07/civility-or-mindless-compliance.html 5. Booker, Karene. (2012). Youths’ well-being linked to how well they conform to gender norms Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http://www.gradschool.cornell.edu/news/youths-well-being-linked-how-well-they-conform-gender-norms 6. Santee, R.T., & Jackson, S.E. (1882). Identity Implications of Conformity: Sex Differences in Normative and Attributional Judgements. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45(2), 121-125. Retrieved from December 7, 2012, http://faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/223webproj/conformity%20and%20gender/ 7. Maslach, C., Santee, R. T., & Wade, C. (1987). Individuation, Gender Role, and Dissent: Personality Mediators of Situational Forces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1088-1093. Retrieved December 7, 2012,from http://faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/223webproj/conformity%20and%20gender/ 8. Science Daily. Jul 9, 2011. Sexual Orientation and Gender Conforming Traits in Women Are Genetic, Study Finds Retrieved December 9, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110707173319.htm 9. Morton, Deutsch and Gerard, B. Harold. (1954). A Study of Normative and Informational Social Influences upon Individual Judgement. Research Center for Human Relations, New York University Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://web.comhem.se/u68426711/8/deutsch55.pdf

Biology Coursework: Effect of Sugar Solution on Potato Chips Essay

Planning Before planning the experiment, I will research osmosis, so that I can make predictions. This will help me to discover how to make this investigation fair and safe. Planning ahead will help me find out the order in which to carry out the experiment. This should lead me to good results at the end of the experiment. Hypothesis Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. When a potato is placed in water, the cells will expand by gaining weight depending on the concentration levels of the solution. When the concentration of the water is lower, more water molecules are allowed to pass through the potato cell. This causes the potato to gain weight and expand. If the concentration levels of the solution are higher, the cells will lose water and cause the potato to lose weight and therefore shrink. Prediction I predict that when the lower the concentration of sugar solution in the water, the more the potato will expand by osmosis. When the concentration of water is identical to the concentration of the potato cell, there will be no increase or decrease in weight. This is because the amount going into the cell will be the same as the amount going out. As soon as the water concentration becomes higher, the cells will shrink because more water will be leaving the cell than entering it. In distilled water alone, I predict that the water in the potato will be more concentrated. Because of this, the water should transfer from the solution to the potato, and the potato will gain weight. In the 0.2 molar solutions, the substances will be very similar in concentration. There should be little change to the size and weight of the potato. When the potato is placed in 0.4 molar solutions, the substances will still be very similar but the concentration of the water solution should be slightly greater to that of the potato. This will cause the potato to shrink slightly. As the molar solutions get higher, the water will transfer more and more from the potato to the water solution, therefore decreasing its size and weight. The most extreme shrinking should occur when the potato is placed in 1.0 molar solution, as here the difference in the water concentration is at its largest. Safety I will be using a very sharp knife, which could injure someone if it is not handled properly. And I will also be careful that the solutions do not get into my body internally as I am not fully aware of the damage it could cause. Method I will cut chips from the same potato because different potatoes may act differently and affect the results. I will cut them 15mm long exactly with square ends 5mm wide and 2mm thick. I will use a chopping and knife for this. They all need to be exactly the same size to ensure that it is a fair test. I will weigh the chips to ensure that they are the same size and weight. This will also give us a measurement to compare them to afterwards. I will use three identical potato chips in each solution. This is because the experiment may not go to plan. If we have three chips, an average can be taken at the end of the experiment to obtain more accurate results. The three potatoes will be placed in 6 different solutions, 1.0 being the strongest and distilled water being the weakest. The solutions I will use are as follows: 0.0 (Distilled water) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 The boiling tubes will be placed in a rack with an equal amount of molar solution. This is because identical solutions are needed for it to be a fair test. The potatoes will be covered with the solutions, if not the water will not be able to pass in and out and the potatoes would dry out. The solutions will all need to be the same temperature and the chips will need to remain in the test tube for the same length of time. The length of time I have chosen to keep the potatoes in the solution is 5 minutes. This should be enough time for the osmosis to take affect. When the potatoes are removed from the solution, the osmosis stops. I will then dry the potatoes using a paper towel being careful so that none of the potatoes fall apart. I will place them into sets of three depending on when which solution they were placed in and weigh and measure them. To get the most accurate results, I will take the average reading of the three pieces. I will then analyse my results and see if they match my prediction.

Health and Social Care L3 Unit 618 Essay

As individuals are all different, they can respond to the same situation differently. In the same way, individuals can view and cope with their mental well-being and mental health differently. Someone with a negative view of their own situation may feel that they are to blame or not accept the consequences of their actions, they may find it difficult to deal with their own mental health and well-being. A positive individual may cope better with factors affecting their mental health and well-being. They may deal with their mental state in a more pragmatic way. 2.There are a range of factors which may influence mental well-being and mental health problems across the life span. These are biological, social and psychological factors. The biological factors include alcohol or drug dependency and long and short term illnesses. The social factors could be family relationships and friendships, unemployment, homelessness or social exclusion. Psychological factors include mental illness such as depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder or learning disabilities. 3.Risk factors and protective factors influence levels of resilience in individuals and groups in relation to mental well-being and mental health. Risk factors include inequalities and poor quality social relationships. If an individual experiences inequalities they could be restricted in the help and support they receive to recover or cope with a mental illness. Read more: Essay About  Mental Well-being and Mental Health If they have poor social relationships, they may lack the support they need to mentally recover as they have no one to turn to. Protective factors include socially valued roles, social support and contact. With the right social support and adequate contact, an individual can assess help and support to recover from a mental illness. They will be given more resources and a strong support network. With a socially valued role their resilience to mental health problems may be stronger as being socially valued could increase their self esteem. Socially valued roles and support should mean groups or communities are equipped to cope with mental health issues. Outcome 2 1.An individual can take steps to promote their mental well-being and mental health. These steps could be social connections, being active, learning and developing themselves, social involvement and self awareness. Connecting  with other people and developing relationships are important for an individual’s mental well-being. Staying active can help maintain a positive mental state. Learning new skills can create a sense of achievement and improve self esteem. Involvement in the local community or other social groups can develop strong social inclusion encouraging mental well-being. Being aware of own feelings and emotional state means an individual can maintain their mental well-being. 2.It is important to support an individual in promoting their mental well-being and mental health. When offering support it is important to be patient, understanding and accepting. Talking to the individual can provide an insight into what they are going through and offering advice based on their current state of mind. Researching different mental health issues and offering resources to the individual can help them to develop new strategies to cope. 3.When supporting an individual to promote their mental well-being and mental health, there are different strategies to use. One strategy could be to involve them in activities such as trips out, arts and crafts or cooking. In participating in activities, the individual can be given a distraction from any mental health issues they may be experiencing. Providing the activity is catered to the individual’s preferences, it may stimulate their mind. A planned activity can offer the individual a positive to look forward to. However, this strategy could have an adverse reaction. The individual may not be interested in the suggested activity. If the activity was planning too far in advance, the individual may change their mind on the planned day. 4.A national strategy for promoting mental well-being and mental health is No Health Without Mental Health. The key aspects of the strategy are six objectives; more people will have better wellbeing and good mental with fewer people developing mental health problems, more people with mental health will recover a quality of life, more people with mental health problems will have a good physical health, improved services will result in fewer people suffering avoidable harm, more people will have a positive experience of care and the public understanding of mental health will improve. 5.The national charity Mind aims to help people experiencing mental health issues to take control of their condition. In providing information and training on a national scale, it should help to promote more positive public views on mental health which should help individuals with  mental health issues to speak openly. Mind delivers training to local and national services to further this public understanding. The charity aims to give individuals experiencing mental health problems the rightful opportunity to live full lives and maintain a role in society. The charity advertises nationally and has shops as well as hospital advertisements and has its own website, but individuals may still find it too difficult to contact them for support. Like other national strategies, it hopes to reduce the stigma attached to mental health conditions, but unfortunately mental health still receives some negative views, therefore some individuals feel too shamed to access the help and support the strategy offers.